Reference sheets · Britain and Ireland

Lighthouses of Britain and Ireland, drawn to the bone.

Five rock and cliff stations. Three lighthouse authorities. One set of problems: stand up, shine, be recognised, run without hands. Eddystone, Bell Rock, Skerryvore, Fastnet and South Stack, read as engineering rather than postcard.

Elevation drawing of a tapering granite lighthouse tower with lantern and gallery, standing on a rock base washed by the sea
Fig. A — General elevation, sea-washed granite tower.
Guide index · 05 sheets

Five sheets, one drawing board

Each sheet takes one part of the subject and works it through the same five stations. Read in order or jump to the problem at hand.

  1. Sheet 01

    Tower form

    Four towers on the Eddystone reef, from Winstanley's timber to Douglass's granite. Smeaton's oak-trunk curve. Robert Stevenson's tall shaft at Bell Rock. Alan Stevenson's hyperbolic profile at Skerryvore. The cast-iron Fastnet that shook, and the granite tower that replaced it. South Stack borrowing height from a cliff.

    Read sheet 01
  2. Sheet 02

    Foundations

    Working the tidal window. Dovetails, trenails and hydraulic lime at Eddystone. The beacon house and rock railway at Bell Rock. A barrack lost and a pit blasted at Skerryvore. Cornish granite keyed into clay slate at Fastnet. A stair and a bridge at South Stack.

    Read sheet 02
  3. Sheet 03

    Optics

    Candles to Argand lamps and parabolic reflectors to the Fresnel lens. Orders of apparatus by focal distance. Chance Brothers glass. Stevenson holophotal prisms. Paraffin vapour, acetylene, electric filament, LED. Clockwork drives and mercury floats.

    Read sheet 03
  4. Sheet 04

    Light character

    Fixed, flashing, occulting, isophase, group flashing. How lens panels and screens make the rhythm. Reading the abbreviation on an Admiralty chart. Colour sectors, elevation, geographical and nominal range. Fog signals and the bells of the Bell Rock.

    Read sheet 04
  5. Sheet 05

    Automation

    Three keepers on a rock, one ashore. Helidecks, lamp changers, fog detectors, telemetry. The last keepers at North Foreland, Fair Isle South and the Baily. Trinity House, the Northern Lighthouse Board and the Commissioners of Irish Lights, watching from Harwich, Edinburgh and Dún Laoghaire.

    Read sheet 05
Supporting sheet · Authorities

Who keeps the lights

Three general lighthouse authorities cover these islands. Each has a coast, a fleet and a control room. All three draw on the General Lighthouse Fund, filled by light dues charged on ships calling at ports in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

England · Wales · Channel Islands · Gibraltar

Trinity House

The Corporation of Trinity House, seated in London. Keeper of Eddystone and South Stack. Operations, engineering and remote monitoring run from Harwich, Essex. Also the deep-sea pilotage authority and a maritime charity.

Scotland · Isle of Man

Northern Lighthouse Board

Headquartered in Edinburgh. Keeper of Bell Rock and Skerryvore. The Stevenson family served it as engineers across several generations. Ships carry the prefix NLV; the flagship is the Pharos.

Island of Ireland

Commissioners of Irish Lights

Based at Dún Laoghaire, County Dublin. Responsible for the whole island, north and south. Keeper of Fastnet and the Baily. The tender Granuaile serves offshore stations and buoyage.